Cavemen: Why thousands of Chinese still live in dungeons

In some areas of central China, the tradition of digging houses in the ground is still alive. For example, the city of Sanmenkhi in Henan province consists entirely of such structures. At the same time, the reluctance of residents to part with the centuries-old way of life is not only due to the fact that underground neighborhoods attract crowds of tourists.

The history of Yaodong houses ("cave houses") can be traced back to the Bronze Age, when the Chinese lived in deep pits and dugouts. Much later, during the Ming Empire, these buildings acquired a modern look. Square and rectangular courtyards appeared, common to several "apartments".

In 2011, residential quarters in the city of Sanmenkhi were included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of China and are currently under state protection. Houses dug on the hillside go underground to a depth of 6 to 11 meters. Their main advantage is energy efficiency. In summer, even at noon, the temperature in the houses does not rise above 20 degrees, and in winter it does not fall below 8-10. This factor is also important for the agricultural region in the XXI century.

Now most of the houses in Sanmenkhi have been modernized, plumbing and electricity are connected to them. Of course, those yaodunu, where tourists are taken, have the most decent appearance. Everyone is invited not only to see the sights, but also to stay here. A month of living in a "room" without amenities will cost $ 30.

However, there are many authentic houses in which people still live. "It's always warm and nice in Yaodong," says local resident Zhang Zhijun. — My grandfather lived here, my grandchildren were born here. Our family occupies eight yaoduns. It's very convenient: when the family expands, we just dig a new house."